Allergy Immunotherapy

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Published with the inputs from Dr Nandini V, Senior Consultant, Pulmonology, Baby Memorial Hospitals- Kozhikode

Allergen immunotherapy, also known as Desensitization Therapy, is a scientifically proven treatment that helps reduce or eliminate allergic reactions by gradually training the immune system to tolerate allergens that cause symptoms. It is used to treat nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis), asthma, dust mite and pollen allergies, insect venom allergies, and some pet or mold sensitivities.

At Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH), allergen immunotherapy is delivered through personalized treatment plans and is recommended to provide long-term relief from chronic allergic conditions.

What is allergen immunotherapy?

Allergen immunotherapy involves administering patients small, controlled doses of the allergen (the substance causing the allergic reaction) via injection or oral drops/tablets, to help the immune system build tolerance over time.

Instead of only relieving symptoms (like antihistamines or nasal sprays), immunotherapy works at the root cause of allergies by retraining the immune system and reducing allergic responses.

When is allergen immunotherapy recommended?

Your doctor may recommend immunotherapy if you have:

Allergic rhinitis or hay fever (caused by pollen, dust, or molds)
Allergic asthma triggered by environmental factors
Insect sting allergies (bee, wasp, ant)
Recurrent sinusitis linked to nasal allergies
Poor response to regular allergy medications

Immunotherapy is suitable for both adults and children (above 5 years) who suffer from chronic or seasonal allergies.

Skin Prick Test

What is a Skin Prick Test and why is it important before immunotherapy?

A Skin Prick Test (SPT) is the most commonly used and reliable diagnostic test to identify the exact substances (allergens) that trigger allergic reactions. It plays a crucial role in planning personalized allergen immunotherapy.

Before starting immunotherapy, it is essential to accurately identify the allergens responsible for your symptoms. The skin prick test helps doctors determine this quickly, safely, and accurately.

How is the Skin Prick Test performed?

A small drop of purified allergen extract (such as dust mites, pollen, molds, or pet dander) is placed on the skin, usually on the forearm or back.

The skin is gently pricked with a sterile lancet to allow the allergen to enter the surface layer.

The test area is then observed for 15-20 minutes.

If you are allergic, a small raised bump (wheal) with surrounding redness appears at that site.

The procedure is minimally invasive, painless, and safe, even for children above 5 years.

Why is the Skin Prick Test important for successful immunotherapy?

The Skin Prick Test helps doctors:

Identify the exact allergens causing symptoms
Design a targeted and effective immunotherapy plan
Avoid unnecessary exposure to non-relevant allergens
Improve treatment safety and long-term outcomes

How does allergy immunotherapy work?

Immunotherapy works by modifying your immune system’s response to allergens. It happens in two phases:

Build-up Phase (Desensitization Phase)

Small doses of the allergen are given at regular intervals (weekly or biweekly).
The dose is gradually increased over several months until the target level is reached.

Maintenance Phase

The same effective dose is continued at longer intervals (every 2–4 weeks).
This phase lasts for 3–5 years, allowing the immune system to “learn” tolerance and prevent allergic reactions.

By the end of treatment, many patients experience lasting improvement even after stopping therapy.

What are the different types of allergy immunotherapy?

Type	Method	Common Use
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy (SCIT)	Injections under the skin	Dust mites, pollen, molds, insect stings
Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT)	Drops or tablets placed under the tongue	Dust mites, pollen, pet dander

At BMH, both SCIT and SLIT are available based on your allergy profile, preferences, and treatment goals.

Is allergy immunotherapy safe?

Yes. Allergen immunotherapy is safe and effective when performed under the supervision of qualified allergists. Mild reactions such as local redness or itching may occur initially and usually resolve quickly.

Serious reactions (systemic allergy or anaphylaxis) are extremely rare, and all sessions are conducted in a controlled hospital setting for safety.

What are the benefits of allergy immunotherapy?

Treats the underlying cause of allergies, not just symptoms
Provides long-lasting relief even after therapy completion
Reduces dependence on antihistamines and nasal sprays
Prevents progression of allergic rhinitis to asthma
Enhances overall quality of life

What is the duration of treatment?

Initial evaluation: Allergy skin or blood tests to identify triggers
Treatment duration: Usually 3-5 years for lasting results
Follow-up: Regular monitoring every few months
Improvement: Symptom relief often seen within 6-12 months
Patients can continue normal daily activities, as treatment is usually outpatient-based.

Is immunotherapy a permanent cure for allergies?

While immunotherapy may not completely “cure” allergies, it offers long-term remission for most patients. Many experience sustained improvement for years after completing therapy, significantly reducing or eliminating the need for regular medications.

Connect with Our Experts Today

If you suffer from persistent allergies, nasal congestion, or seasonal breathing difficulties, the Allergy Specialists at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offer advanced Allergy Immunotherapy for safe, long-term relief.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH to consult our allergy experts and begin a personalized desensitization program designed for lasting results.