Microdiscectomy

Published with the inputs from Dr Sandesh Pacha, Senior Consultant, Spine Surgery, Baby Memorial Hospitals-Kozhikode

A microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive spine surgery performed to remove part of a herniated (slipped) disc that is pressing on a nerve root in the lower back (lumbar spine). It is considered the gold standard treatment for persistent sciatica caused by disc herniation when non-surgical treatments fail.

What is a microdiscectomy?

It is a surgical procedure where the herniated portion of a spinal disc is removed using a microscope or surgical loupe for precision. This relieves pressure on the spinal nerves, reducing pain, numbness, and weakness in the back and legs.

When is microdiscectomy needed?

Doctors recommend microdiscectomy if:

• Sciatica pain persists for more than 6–8 weeks despite medications and physiotherapy
• Pain is severe and limits daily life or work
• There is weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs
• There is loss of bladder or bowel control (emergency)

How is microdiscectomy performed?

• A small incision (2–3 cm) is made in the lower back
• A microscope provides a magnified view of the nerve and disc
• The herniated disc fragment pressing on the nerve is carefully removed
• Muscles and tissues are preserved as much as possible, making it less invasive than traditional surgery

Is microdiscectomy safe?

Yes. It is one of the most successful and safe spine surgeries. Risks such as infection, bleeding, nerve injury, or disc recurrence are rare, especially in specialized centers.

What is recovery like after microdiscectomy?

• Patients usually walk the same day or next day after surgery
• Hospital stay is typically 1–2 days
• Light activities resume in 2–3 weeks
• Full recovery and return to work/sports usually in 6–8 weeks
• Exercise and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are recommended for long-term spine health.

Will my disc herniation come back after microdiscectomy?

Recurrence is possible but uncommon. Maintaining good posture, regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding heavy lifting reduce the risk of future disc problems.

What are the long-term outcomes of microdiscectomy?

Most patients experience immediate relief of leg pain (sciatica), improved mobility, and return to normal activities. Long-term outcomes are excellent when surgery is combined with lifestyle modifications and rehabilitation.

Connect with Our Experts Today

If you are suffering from severe sciatica, slipped disc, or nerve compression in the spine, the Spine Surgery Team at Baby Memorial Hospital (BMH) offers advanced microdiscectomy and minimally invasive spine treatments with high success rates and faster recovery.

👉 Book an Appointment Online or visit BMH to consult our spine specialists.